The more complex devices such as Smartphones combine all-in-one functionality. Additionally, the level of complexity for the malware has a direct proportionate relationship to the complexity of the device's platform. This then results in decreasing the potential to experience universal malware infestation. Fortunately, fierce competition for market share has resulted in a large variety of device platforms with unique OSs.

This falls along the same lines as why there is more malware in the wild for a personal computer than for the smaller market share OSs. For obvious reasons, the number of devices in the market will typically be directly proportionate to the number of potential attacks. Looking, in particular, at this last factor, market share, each platform possesses a different percentage of the total number of devices used in the market.

The limitations associated with each OS are similar to the ideas discussed previously for BT hardware and software ( Section 2.3.2). There are several different OSs available for devices, and each requires different implementations of the BT software, for example, Mac OS X as supported since v10.2 released in 2002 and Windows since XP SP2 released in 2004. These generalized factors will be based on the device's platform: OS, BT hardware and software implementation, and market share. Devices by themselves are not universally vulnerable to malware, but one may establish generalized factors that increase the device's potential vulnerability.

This last malware propagation limitation is common sense. Paul Braeckel, in Advances in Computers, 2011 2.3.4 Device Platform

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